Pécs is in the southern part of Hungary. It is the fifth largest city in Hungary. It is the seat of Baranya County. The population is about 150,000 people.
History: The Romans created the Province of Pannonia in the first century. Its centre was Sopianae.
Pécs was built on the ruins of that town. Hungarians occupied this land in the 9th century. Later on Pécs became a religious centre. King Stephen established an episcopate here.
Louis the Great founded the first university in 1367. So it became a cultural centre as well. Over 150 years the town ruled by the Turks.
Turkish monuments are Gazi Kassim Pascha Mosque, Jakovali Hassan Mosque, Memi pasha’s bath.
Pécs lies at the foot of the Mecsek hills. It has a mild, Mediterranean climate.
The centre of the city is Széchenyi Square. Király, Ferencesek and Irgalmasok Streets start here. They are the main walking and shopping areas of Pécs.
One of the symbols of Pécs stands in the upper part of Széchenyi Square. It is the Mosque of Gazi Kasim Pascha.They built it during the Turkish rule but today it serves as a Christian church. Trinity statue, Hunyadi memorial, the City Hall with its clock tower also stand here.
We can find parts of the city wall from the 14th century in Citrom Street and behind the Cathedral. The four towered Cathedral stands in the northern part of Dóm Square. It is the other symbol of Pécs. In the Barbican Garden there is the Statue of Janus Pannonius.
Pécs is also a university town. Students from all over the world study here, too.
Famous museums can be found in Pécs: Zsolnay exhibition, Vasarely Museum, Csontváry Museum, Cella Septichora Visitor Centre and Zsolnay Cultural Quarter.
You can entertain yourself at the National Theatre, cinemas and Kodály Center. There is a zoo and an extreme park in Mecsek Hills. On top of the Mecsek Hill there is the TV Tower. It is about 197m high.
Pécs is also famous for its tobacco industry and the Zsolnay factory. There are big supermarkets and shopping centres where you can do your shopping.
Good morning/afternoon/evening, Ladies and Gentlemen! Let me introduce myself: my name is Zoran Krizsics, I'm a fourth-year law student at the University of Pécs.
In today's presentation I would like to look at the shared legal history of two nations that mutually influenced each other. I strongly believe that their long personal union, which lasted 816 years, shows a rare example of cordial cooperation between nations.
In the next 15-20 minutes I will focus on selections that I regard as major milestones in their shared legal history.
Let's start at the very beginning, in 1089, the year that King Zvonimir (1075-1089) died. After his death, Croatian nobleman could not agree on a suitable successor, consequently unrests followed. During this succession crisis, the "heads" of Dalmatian cities, who assembled in Split to discuss the situation, decided to send a delegation to the king of Hungary, Ladislaus and ask for his assistance: in exchange for his intervention to end the civil war that ravaged the country, he was offered the Croatian throne. Ladislaus accepted the mission and started his campaign in Croatia. While his powerful army was advancing in Croatia, he was informed that the Cumans and the Pechenegs attacked Hungary in his absence. The king, as might be expected, decided to retreat from his campaign against Croatian tribes and immediately returned to Hungary to crush the marauding army..
The occupied Croatian territories were not annexed to Hungary, King Ladislaus decided to appoint his nephew, Prince Álmos to govern the area. During his reign the country fell into chaos, in the midst of these turbulent times the Croatians elected a nobleman, Petar to the throne. Petar II was not able to establish his rule as he did not receive total recognition as sovereign. Prince Álmos resigned the throne to King Coloman in 1095. After the Hungarian king defeated Petar's troops in April 1097, he was crowned king of Hungary and Croatia in 1102. From 1102 to 1918 the two countries formed a personal union: Croatian royal dynasties no longer reigned in Croatia, the crown was held by Hungarian kings and the independent, sovereign Croatian state ceased to exist.
The following part of my presentation will deal with some features of the reign of Louis the Great, since both Hungary and Croatia owe a lot to this exceptional sovereign. King Charles's son, Louis the Great, who was crowned in 1342, fought numerous battles and wars to strengthen and centralize his power. We must highlight the significance of his war against Venice (1356-1358), which ended with the Treaty of Zara. Under this treaty Venice had to give all its possessions in Dalmatia to the king and had to cancel his title "Prince of Dalmatia and Croatia". We can consider the Treaty of Zara as one of the highlights of Croatian history, because for the first time after King Zvonimir's death, Dalmatian cities and islands returned to the Kingdom of Croatia. At the same time Venice was forced out of the Croatian coast. King Louis the Great died in 1384 after 40-year reign.
The next minutes of my presentation will be built around the Croatian Pragmatica Sanctio (Pragmatic Sanction). Our starting point is 1711 when Charles III of Hungary was crowned. During his reign Hungary attempted to strengthen ties with the politically, economically and territorially weakened Croatia-Slavonia.
Therefore the Hungarian Diet (Hungarian Estates) passed a decision concerning the Croatian Sabor: they though that the king should give his royal assent only to those decisions of the Croatian sabor which did not oppose Hungarian laws.
In the end, this statute never got approved by the sovereign because the National Assembly was dissolved due to the plague. However, the intentions of the Hungarian Diet put Croatian noblemen on guard, who during the following years made every effort to emancipate Croatia-Slavonia from Hungary.
29: I can't even buy a coffee because I've ......... out of money.
A: goneB: spentC: runD: ran
30: I don't have any ......... .
A: luggagesB: luggage
C: both of them are correctD: neither of them is correct
31: Where do the Dutch live?
A: In the NetherlandsB: In GermanyC: In SwitzerlandD: In Dubai
32: The photo was ………… in Rome.
A: madeB: takeC: takenD: done
33: …………… listen to the radio every day?
A: WhoB: Are youC: Have youD: Do you
34: What would you do if ………. the lottery?
A:you would winB: you wonC: you will winD: winning
35: ’hit the road’ means:
A: set out on a journeyB: find the correct answerC: dieD: faint
36: I’m looking forward to ………….. you.
A: meetB: meetingC: metD: meets
37: Which one is correct?
A: Can I borrow that scissors?B: Can I borrow this scissors?
C: Can I borrow those scissors?D: Can I borrow this scissor?
38: The USA is traditionally called a ………………… because with time immigrants abandoned their cultures to become totally assimilated into American society.
A:meeting point B: melting potC:culture shockD: big apple
39: If you drink one more glass of wine, ................ .
A: you get fat
B: you will get drunk
C: you would get drink
D: will you got drunk
40: George …………..off the ladder while he ……….. the ceiling.
A: was falling, was painting B: has been falling, has painted
C: fell, was paintingD: fallen, was painting
41: A …………. lie is a harmless lie, especially one told to avoid hurting someone's feelings, like saying: ’Yes, I love your new dress!’ even if you hate it.
A: pinkB: blue C: whiteD: green
42: You didn't call to apologize, .........?
A: do youB: did youC:didn’t youD: don’t you
43: What is a revealing dress like?
A: too expensiveB: redC: too conservativeD: shows too much flesh
44: I'm .............. with envy.
A: yellow B: black C: green D: blue
45: Which one do you take to the chemist’s?
A: a recipeB: a prescriptionC: a receiptD: an invoice
46: I can't stand .......... . (= I hate it.)
A: to wait B. to have waitC: waitingD: to waiting
47: Take a large tray and spread ……… butter on it. (a line from a recipe)
A: someB: a C: muchD:many
48: Film star Keira Knightley enjoys …………… films.
A: to watch B: watchC: watchesD: watching
49: 'Have you seen the new James Bond movie?' She asked me ............... the new James Bond movie . (Reported Speech)
A: if I have seen B. that I sawC: if I sawD: if I had seen
You final test will be a multiple choice type quiz. You will have to answer 50 questions. Your score has to be at least 60%, which means that you have to give correct answers to at least 30 questions.
Every student can and should write the test, students who were not able to participate in the online lessons on skype are also welcome.
You will have plenty of time to complete the task: I will give you 60 minutes (from start to finish).
You have 3 options:
1: You can use an online platform, www.quiz-maker.com
If you choose this option, your quiz will be corrected automatically and after question number 50 it will give you the result.Please take a photo of the result that you saw on your screen and send it to me on messenger. You can send it to me individually if you do not want to share your score with the group.
You can take the quiz ONLY ONCE. You do not need to write the answers down, the quiz-maker will correct your work and give you the SCORE in this format: 40/49 (for some reason they do not accept the last, 50th question, maybe there is a limit so everybody will get that extra point)
If you want to start the quiz but run into difficulties (they ask you to subscribe or want payment for the quiz, please abandon the quiz and switch to option number 2 immediately)
I WILL SUPPLY THE LINK WHEN WE START THE TEST!!!!!
2. You can see the quiz on our blog (englishexam.blog.hu). It's the same quiz, but the format is NOT INTERACTIVE. YOU WILL NEED A PAPER AND PEN TO WRITE DOWN THE ANSWERS. PLEASE SEND THE ANSWERS TO ME WHEN YOU ARE READY!!! - you can use messenger or send an email.
You can either take a sharp photo of the page you wrote your answers on or type the answers in messenger in this format:
1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A .....
I WILL SUPPLY THE LINK WHEN WE START THE TEST!!!!!!!
I did not want to overcomplicate the test but I had to come up with 3 options because I wanted to make sure that everybody can complete the test in one of these formats. I think the easiest way is maybe option 2.
The most interesting option is the first one. But it is the most technologically challenging.
Please note that this is the first time I have prepared an online final test so I am testing these options and myself, too. Problems may arise, please be patient and DO NOT PANIC. :)
Adjectives to use in the gaps: deep, good, good, green, strong, loud, dark, easy, weak
Will you need comparative or superlative forms?
1. Actions speak .......... than words.
2. .......... late than never.
3. Night's .......... hour is always before the dawn.
4. A blow with a word strikes .......... than a blow with a sword.
5. A chain is no .......... than its ...... link.
6. He who laughs last laughs ..........
7. The grass is always .......... on the other side.
8. It's ......... said than done.
TASK 06: FUTURE POSSIBILITY (WILL)
In my life I'm sure I will ...
I probably will ....
I might ...
I probably won't ...
I definitely won't ...
(ideas to use: get a tattoo, fly to the moon, go to prison, swim with sharks, swim with dolphins, climb Mount Everest, milk a cow, win the lottery, become homeless, become a billionaire, sing Karaoke in public, witness a solar eclipse, sleep in an igloo, attend a beer festival, attend a pig roast)
TASK 07: prepositions and phrasal verbs:
1. We have a lot ..... common.
2. What types of exercise are you keen .....?
3. I'm fond ..... reading.
4. The plane took ..... at 6 pm.
5. We ran out ..... money.
6. He ended ..... living on the streets.
7. Sarah dropped ..... of school when she was 16.
8. She grew ..... in a small town.
9. I get ..... well with my mother-in-law.
10. A nurse looks ..... patients in a hospital.
TASK 08:ZERO CONDITIONAL, FIRST CONDITIONAL, SECOND CONDITIONAL:
0: FACTS: IF people eat too much, the get fat.
1: SURE FUTURE IF you drink one more glass of wine, you WILL get drunk.
2: NOT REAL IF I won the lottery, I WOULD buy a house
Four friends, Alex, Lucy, Sam and Jo were sitting in a coffee bar and chatting, when the subject of their own faults came up in conversation. ‘I must admit,’ said Alex, ‘I sometimes use the company’s phone for private calls and I often steal office stationery from work when the boss isn’t looking. (1) ........................... ‘Well, I guess my greatest fault,’ Lucy told the group, ‘is that I gamble too much. I play online poker and I buy lottery tickets. My parents are really strict, and (2) ............................................................... ‘I don’t gamble,’ Sam said, ‘but I’d say that my worst fault is my drinking habit. I drink far too much. (3) .................. Joe had been silent during the conversation, so Sam turned and asked him, ‘Well, Joe, do you have any faults, then?’ ‘Oh, yes,’ said Joe, ‘and mine is worse than any of yours. My greatest fault is that I just can’t keep a secret.’
A: if they heard about it, I’d be in real trouble.
B: If it ever got out, I’d losemy job.’
C: If my boss found out, I’d get fired.’
Grammar: second conditional
To talk about situations which are imaginary, you can use this form:if + past simple in the first clause, followed by would + verb in the second clause.
This structure is sometimes called the second conditional form.
If my parents found out about my gambling, they’d be furious.
If anyone heard about Sam’s drinking habits, he’d lose his job.
It’s also possible to change the order of the clauses, in this way:
I would buy a new car if I had the money.
This would be a good restaurant if the staff were more polite.
Match the broken sentences.
1. If I knew his email address… 2. If we could afford it… 3. I wouldn’t tell your boss about it… 4. If you went to bed earlier… 5. I’d tell you…
A. ...you wouldn’t be so tired. B. ...if I knew the answer. C. ...we’d buy a new car. D. ...I would write to him. E. ...if I were you.
Choose the correct form.
6 A. If his boss found out about Joe’s drinking habits he’d probably lose his job. B. If his boss would find out about Joe’s drinking habits he probably lost his job.
7 A. I went for a walk if it wouldn’t be raining so hard. B. I’d go for a walk if it weren’t raining so hard.
8 A. If you’d spoken more slowly people will be able to understand you better. B. If you’d speak more slowly people would be able to understand you better.
9 A. I came to the party if I wouldn’t have so much work to do. B. I’d come to the party if I didn’t have so much work to do.
10 A. This movie would be better if it were shorter. B. This movie were better if it would be shorter.
Vocabulary exercises
Choose a word to complete these sentences.
stationery bar habits calls tickets poker
1. I would never play online _________. 2. It’s a waste of money to buy lottery _________. 3. I’ll see you in the coffee _________. 4. I never take home any office _________. 5. My boss doesn’t like us making private _________. 6. Tim needs to do something about his drinking _________.
The word "the" is one of the most common words in English. It is the only definite article. Nouns in English are preceded by the definite article when the speaker believes that the listener already knows what the speaker is talking about.
I wanted to buy a new sofa (new object). later: I paid 500 bucks for the sofa.
Sometimes you do not need to mention the thing because it's clear to everybody what we are talking about:
Where's the bathroom?
I got to the airport in time.
The postman was late this morning.
TASK 01:. a/an or the?
1. This morning I bought ..... newspaper and ..... magazine. .....newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where ..... magazine is.
2. My parents have ..... cat and ..... dog. ..... dog never bites ..... cat but ..... cat often scratches ..... dog.
3. I saw ..... accident this morning. ..... car crashed into ..... wall...... driver of ..... car was not hurt but ..... car was badly damaged.
4. Would you like ..... apple?
5. Could you close ..... door, please?
6. We live in ..... flat near ..... centre of ..... city.
7. Did ..... police find ..... person who stole ...... bicycle?
8. As I was walking along ..... street, I saw ..... $10 note on ..... pavement.
9. This is ....... nice house. Has it got ..... garden?
10. There's no need to buy any milk. ..... milkman brings it every morning.
The ....... are famous for their parfumes. The ...... are famous for their bullfights. The ..... are famous for their mountains (+ chocolate). The ..... are famous for their green scenery and whiskey. The ...... are famous for their snow-capped Fuji. The ..... are famous for starting a pandemic in 2019.
The following reading is about two different models of racial integration. Please fill in the 15 gaps with the missing words:
WORDS TO USE IN THE GAPS:
are, by, do, native, immigrants, into, living, have, described, of, pot, the,the, However, would
Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
In multicultural societies there are different models of racial integration.
The USA is traditionally called a melting (1).......... because with time, generations of (2) .............. have melted together: they have abandoned their cultures to become totally assimilated into American society.
But in (3).......... UK, where cultural diversity is considered a positive thing, immigrants (4).......... always been encouraged to maintain their traditions and their (5) .......... language. This model of racial integration can be (6) .......... as a salad bowl, with people of different cultures living in harmony, like the lettuce, tomatoes and carrots in a salad.
(7) .......... , managing cultural diversity is not always easy. The world was shocked (8) .......... the terrorist attacks which happened in New York in 2001. All these attacks involved people from Muslim ethnic communities, who seemed to be well integrated in society.
Both models (9) .......... multicultural societies have contradictory aspects: - in a melting pot there is no cultural diversity and sometimes differences (10) .......... not respected; - in a salad bowl cultures (11) .......... not mix at all.
For example, in multicultural cities, some people spend their entire lives (12) .......... and working without ever learning the country’s language.
So which model is better?
The ideal situation (13) .......... be a society where all citizens have equal rights and opportunities, but can also maintain their own individuality. It is not easy to put this ideal (14) .......... practice, but multiracial society is now a reality and we must learn to live together in (15).......... best possible way.
Match the beginnings and the ends of the following sentences:
