Task ONE

Listen to Steve Job's Commencement Speech. The speech has 3 parts. Listen to the FIRST part (it ends at 5 minutes 40 seconds) and say whether the following statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT STATED.

1. Steve Jobs has a university degree.

2. In his speech he would like to share three stories about the University of Stanford.

3. He dropped out of college after 3 months.

4. His biological mother was single.

5. He was adopted by college graduates.

6. His adoptive parents promised that he would go to university.

7. He went to a very expensive college.

8. He regrets that he dropped out of college.

9. In spite of dropping out of college, he still took a calligraphy course.

10. You can 'connect the dots' looking forwards

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TASK TWO:

Listen to the second part of the story (starts at 5 minutes 40 seconds) and fill in the missing words (which you can find down below)

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple .....(1)..... grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year .....(2)....., and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the .....(3)..... began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided .....(4)..... him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had .....(5).... the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down — that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize.....(6).....  screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not .....(7).....  that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that .....(8).......  have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, .....(9)........ company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of .....(10)....., Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

I’m pretty sure none of this .....(11)..... have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was ......(12)..........I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets .....(13)..... and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.

Words to use in the gaps:

another, been, better, changed, could, earlier, events, for, future, had, that, with, would

.................................................................................................................................................................

TASK THREE

Before you listen to the third part of the speech (starting at 9 minutes 5) fill in the gaps at the beginning of each paragraph with sentences marked A - H. When you are ready listen and check

My third story is about death.

.........1............. It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

.........2............. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure — these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

.......3............. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

..........4............ Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.

............5.......... Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

..........6......... Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

.........7.......... Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

.........8......... It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: It was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

.........9........ It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

A: Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.

B: About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.

C: When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.

D: When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”

E: I lived with that diagnosis all day

F: This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades.

G: Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.

H: Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.

I: No one wants to die.

Listening comprehension. Watch the video and say whether the following statements are true or false (according to George Carlin, of course):

1. At the beginning about the performance he talks about people who don't worry too much.

2. 25 species disappear every week.

3. He thinks that saving endangered species is the best thing we can do.

4. Over 90% of all the species have disappeared.

5. The idea of saving the planet is an arrogant idea.

6. He thinks environmentalists are doing a great job.

7. He thinks there are many problems with the planet.

8. People are the largest threat to the planet.

9. He thinks people will disappear without a trace.

10. He only talks about natural disasters that are happening now.

11. Plastic is biodegradable.

12. The main task of mankind was the creation of plastic.

13. The Earth might want to kill us off with the help of mutating viruses.

Fill in the missing words:

(TELC Exam Training page 30)

The Iberian lynx is a wild cat species which is found in southwestern Europe. The lynx has been …1… the international Red list of endangered species …2… many decades. …3… the beginning of the 21st century, the wild cat was …4… the point of extinction, …5… only 90 surviving cats recorded.

 1 a in        b into       c on         

 2 a for  b in  c of      

3 a About   b By   c  With   

4 a at  b on   c  to                   

5 a by b for c with     

This was mainly due …6… the fall in the population of the European rabbit, which the lynx eat.

6 a from  b of  c to

As a result …7… this crisis, strict conservation measures began to be taken. Rabbits were brought back, and the land where the lynx lives was protected …8… humans by putting up fences. New plants and trees were planted in order to attract the rabbits. These simple measures have worked: 350 lynx were counted …9… 2012, with numbers increasing ever since, and an additional 200 kittens born already this year. Risks remain, but the World Animal Protection Organisation is positive …10… the future.

7 a from    b of   c   to          

8 a against       b by     c with                

9 a at         b in  c on           

10 a about    b against  c in

--------------------------------------------------------------

Key language (page 31)

1. Asia is the largest and most extreme continent on the planet. Animals there face .....

deserts, tallest jungles and highest mountains found anywhere on Earth.

a hottest         b the hottest      c hotter

2. Reptiles have existed ..... the history on earth.

a  for      b since    c throughout

They have covered the surface of the Earth ........ 300 milion years.

a for    b since   c throughout

However, things have changed significantly ........ they first appeared.

a for    b since   c throughout

3. In some northern countries, ......... you look up to the night sky you don't only see darkness or stars but something much more interesting.

a when    b where   c which

I'm not talking about a plane ........ holiday passengers or a satellite.

a carried   b carrying   c is carrying

In some areas, you can see something very special: the Aurora Borealis, ........ is also known as the Northern Lights.

a what     b which     c who

4. There was a terrible crash. ........ snow came rushing past the window.

a Afterwards      b Moreover   c Obviously

We were safe in the cabin ........ we didn't go outside.

a although    b as long as    c even though

5. Europe's mild climate ......... by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic.

a have been influenced     b is influenced     c will be influenced

However, in the last hundred years a rise in the temperature of 1C ........ by scientists.

a has been recorded   b were recorded    c will be recorded

In future, the continent ..... by more droughts, floods and other natural disasters.

a has been hit  b will be hit   c will hit

6 ......... would have guessed 50 years ago that climate change would become such a major issue?

a Whatever    b Whenever  c Whoever

7 I decided today: I want to on on a safari to Africa while there is still enough wildlife. I think I ......... the prices when I get home.

a 'll check    b I'm checking  c 'm going to check

8 She ... to see a film about climate change with her friends last night

a did go  b didn't go   c has been

    because she ........ it before.

a had seen     b hadn't seen  c saw

9. Europe will finance a network of satellites to monitor carbon dioxide pollution across the globe. .......... monitoring CO2,

a Although  b And  c As well as

     the satellites will .......... prepare the way for journeys to the Moon and Mars.

a also   b although   c but

10 Coal is being sent to China, India and other growing Asian markets via Russia's far east. The problem is that this is Russsia's largest nature reserve. If these deliveries ........ in the future,

a continue   b continued   c had continued

    they .......... thousands of wildlife species.

a will have threatened   b will threaten  c would threaten

If these deliveries ........ sooner, the situation would not have become so serious.

a had stopped   b would have stropped   c would stop

11 Last night there was a leopard here wandering around looking for a pig to steal. A local boy said that he ........... .

a could see it   b had seen it   c would see it

He also claimed that it ........ as big as a cow.

a has been   b was   c would be

............................................................................

Fill in the gaps: (page 34)

Dear Claire

I've just seen this great wildlife program about the mayfly! I know it may not sound interesting, but it takes place every year in spring and summer on the Tisza River here in Hunagry.  .....1.....  in huge clouds, they take flight, lay their eggs on the river's surface and die - all in just one day. And the species .....2..... mayfly in Hungary  is Europe's .....3..... , with males measuring up to five inches in length.

1 Risen  b Rising c To rise      2 a for b from c of     3 a larger  b largest  c most large

..... 4......, the fishermen on the river always know from experience when the mayfly...... 5........ Well, I hope you don't mind, but I've registered both of us for the next time they film the mayfly. We'll spend three days ......6...... to film a national wildlife documentary. We will .......7........ an email and then we have to confirm that we can still attend.  The man I spoke to told me that if we could go, the film crew ......8........... accommodation for us.

4 a Although b Apparently c Even so    5 a are appearing  b will appear c would appear

6 a helping b to be helping c to help     7 a be sent b have c send

8 a booked  b had booked c would book

Don't you think it's a great opportunity? In fact, at the moment I ......9...... of studying biology, as the more volunteer work I do, the more interested I become in our natural environment.

Anyway, let me know if you can join me. If you can, I'll go ahead with the registration. Then we'll just have to wait to be contacted. In the meantime, we can read the articles on mayflies I found online. I've added the links below. I ......10........ heard of mayflies before I watched the program last night.

Speak soon,

Sue

9 a 'm thinking b think  c though

10 a had never   b have never   c haven't ever

QUIZLET LESSON ON CONDITIONALS

https://quizlet.com/497709770/unit-4-flash-cards/

Dear Mr. Howard:

Re: Account Number 1884434

I am writing to e...... my dissatisfaction with the Model X tea kettle ..... I bought on February 28, 2019, at your store located at 1616 Sixteen Avenue. T...... the kettle looks fine, it leaks when filled with water. When I at......... to return it to the store on March 2, 2019, the employee on duty, George Burns, told me that he would not accept the it..... because he didn’t see any da....... .

To resolve the issue, I would like you to refund the full a......... that I paid ($29.86, including tax) to my Frequent Customer account. I am e................. a copy of the original r..........

I look f............ to your reply. Please contact me at the address above or by telephone at (555) 555-5555 within the next two weeks.

Sincerely,

Jason Brooks

Match the words with the definition:

1. consumer    ..... The activities involved in buying and selling.

2. commerce   ..... A group of products made by one particular company.

3. retail            ..... Move to another place.

4. target group  ..... Easy to use or to get to and simplifies life.

5. tax               ..... When products are sold to customers in shops.

6. brand            ..... Similar shops, restaurants, etc. owned by the same company

7. chain            ..... To pay money to live in a building that belongs to someone else.

8. convenient    ..... A person who buys goods or services for their own use.

9. rent             ..... The group of people you want to interest in your product.

10. relocate      ..... Money that you have to pay to the government from what you earn or when you buy things.

....................................................................................................................................

Decide if the two sentences mean the SAME or DIFFERENT:

1/A Online shops are open around the clock.

1/B Internet shops are available 24 hours a day.

2/A Towns started running out of parking space.

2/B More and more parking lots were built in towns.

3/A Recent decades saw highhigh streets becoming uniform.

3/B High streets have been losing their individual character.

4/A Nowadays, bookshops are making a comeback.

4/B Books have recently become more popular again.

5/A Shop owners complain about taxes being too high.

5/B Local businesses demand that taxes be lowered.

6/A The number of stores on the high street that are not being used has risen.

6/B There is a decrease in the amount of empty shop space in town centres.

3 Nevertheless, all these changes may turn out to be a blessing in disguise. Recent decades saw high street becoming uniform. For years and years rental prices in the city centres had been increasing. Small family-owned bakeries, butcher shops or private book shops that had operated in the high street for years could no longer afford their premises there. As they disappeared, their place was usually taken by yet another branch of a successful global company. As a result, every high street ended up with the same big names from fashion brands to mobile phone operator, from banks to supermarkets all across Europe. It is now these chain stores that are losing out to online shopping.

4 What seems to be the most successful approach to bringing life to the high street is bringing back the social experience that was once a vital part of shopping. Shopping street in town centers didn't only develop for us to obtain the goods we needed. They were also the places where we could run into friends or simply speak to other members of the community. High streets that have retained their popularity are those that brought in coffee bars, hairdressers and beauty salons,second-hand shops and charity shops, and social spaces where people can simply hang out and socialize.

5 Book shops once seemed to be among the businesses most threatened by internet dealers. For years, they were closing down at an alarming rate. But nowadays, they are making a comeback. Bookshops no longer just sell books - many of them have also introduced cafes or comfortable seating areas where people can sit and read the books they are interested in, before they decide whether to buy them. Bookshops organize fun events that go beyond book signing or authors reading their books aloud. Such things as creative workshops for kids, reading groups for grown-ups, and literary festivals have attracted many customers.They are turning shopping for books into a leisure activity.

6 The shops which will survive are those that have the skill to recognize and provide quality and attention to customers' needs. Faceless, uniform shops that sell the same thing in the same way to everyone all over the globe will disappear and end up being replaced by online traders who perform this service more efficiently and at a lower cost. And that may not necessarily be a bad thing for us at all!

 Now, pick the best ending to each sentence:

1 Online shopping is more affordable than high street shopping because

a:  online companies spend lots of shops and staff

b: people can do their shopping comfortably from home

c: they have more flexible opening hours

2 Customers were attracted to out-of-town shopping centers

a: because this offered a wider range of products

b: by reduced taxes on goods sold there

c: when motorways were built to have them get there

3 Family-owned shops disappeared from the high street

a: and they moves further away from the city centers

b: as global companies bought them one by one

c: when the cost of renting the space wind up

4 The author believes what is important about the high street is that

a: it also functions as a center for social activities

b: people can find all the essential things they need

c: shops there are run by people in the community

5 One disadvantage mentioned about online bookshops is that

a: people cannot read books before they buy them

b: shopping online is never done for pleasure

c: they never organize enjoyable events for customers

(source: TELC EXAM TRAINING B2, PART 2 - Commerce and the consumer (pp 13-18)

LETTER OF COMPLAINT:

 https://www.grammarly.com/blog/how-to-write-complaint/

<a href="https://www.g

(Video: describing of event starts at 4.00)

https://ielts-master.com/ielts-speaking-part-2-practice-techniques-and-model-answer-a-sporting-event/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you ask me, playing sports is much more interesting than watching sports on TV or in a stadium.

Although I am fond of sports in general, I do not take part in many sporting events.

The most memorable event I have taken part in is the Lake Balaton Across the Lake Swim.

Since 1977 each summer swimmers of al ages and abilities challenge themselves to swim 5.2 kilometres across Lake Balaton. Usually around 10 000 people take part in the annual event, which is an achievable and hugely rewarding swimming challenge. It is also very safe as there are many support boats next to you the whole swim.

After registration and a quick medical check-up ypu can start off in Révfülöp and swim 5.2 kilometres to Balatonboglár. Althouh the fastest swimmers covered the distance in an hour it took me 3 hours to reach the shore.

First I was a bit nervous but once I got in the water I was able to enjoy the swim. A lot of things depend on the weather. The warmer and the sunnier it is the easier it is to swim. Probably the worst thing that can happen is windy weather because it makes swimming so much harder. The best part of the competition is when you enjoy well-deserved refreshments on the beach.

I usually participate with my family and recommend it to everybody who is looking for a fun summer challenge. Y

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://iteslj.org/questions/sports.html

Defining Relative Clauses

A racket is something THAT  you use for striking the ball or shuttlecock in various games

                                                 protects you head to resist impact

A referee is someone WHO prevents the ball from entering  the goalline            

                                             makes sure that the rules of a sport are followed

A stadium is a place WHERE spectators can watch a football game

                                                 people can skate

A ………… is something that you use when you want to catch fish.

A ………… is something that you use when you want to jump from an airplane.

A ………… is something that you wear when you want to go swimming.

A …………. is something that you sit on when you ride a horse.

A ………….. is something that you get when you finish as a runner-up.

A paraglider is someone who …………………………………………..

An angler is someone who ……………………………………………..

An idol is someone who ……………………………………………….

A figure skater is someone who ……………………………………….

A supporter is someone who …………………………………………..

A ………  ………….. is a place where you can play golf.

A ……….. ………….. is  a place where you can play basketball.

A ……………………. is a place where you can play football.

A …………………….. is a place where you can ski.

A …………………….. is  a place where you can skate.

Be careful with WHAT. What = the things that

Did you believe the story THAT he told us?

Did you believe WHAT he told us?

WHAT or THAT?

I gave her all the money …… I had.

They give their children everything ….. the want.

Tell me ….. you want.

Why do you blame me for everything ….. goes wrong?

I1ll do the best ….. I can.

I don’t agree with ….. you’ve just said.

I don’t believe anything …… he says.

A racket is something THAT / WHICH

A referee is someone WHO/ THAT

I lost the bow that you lent me. = I lost the bow you lent me.

I saw the bodybuilder who you mentioned. = I saw the bodybuilder you mentioned.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Real Madrid, which is still one of the most popular football clubs, was founded in 1902.

David Beckham, who is still quite popular, was born in 1975.

Beckham's professional club career began with Manchester United, where he made his first-team debut in 1992 at age 17.

LeBron James, who is a famous ……. , comes from the USA.

Tiger Woods, who is an excellent ………… , has 2.6 million Instagram followers.

Cristiano Ronaldo, who is one of the best football players, was born in …….. .

Puskás, who was born on the ….. of April, always celebrated his birthday on the second day of the month.

https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/ND_relative_clauses.htm

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?04

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/032_04.htm