|
 |
Source: https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/greatest-inventions-past-1000-years
spread communication across wide areas
started agricultural mechanization
| increased personal mobility and freedom |
provided a great leap forward for medicineallowed people and products to quickly move
powered countless social changes
made the world smaller
protected people from disease
| transformed business world; predecessor to the Internet |
|
allowed literacy to greatly expand |
Watch the video and fill in the gaps:
1: It's a ........... out there.
2: It's hot as .......... outside.
3: It's so hot you can .......... an egg on the ........... .
4: It's like an ........... outside.
5: I'm sweating ...........
6: I'm sweating like a .......... .
Now, write down the phrases in your exercise book.
Make .......... you go to Regent’s Park. It’s a lovely place for a picnic.
Have you been to Primrose Hill ........... ? The view is incredible!
You really ........... visit Spitalfields Market. You can pick up some great bargains!
Buckingham Palace is an absolute .......... !
Covent Garden is definitely .......... visiting. It’s a great place to people-watch!
I’d do a boat trip along The Thames if ............
Why .......... do a bus tour? That way you can see all the famous landmarks.
Words to use in the gaps:
I were you
sure
should
worth
must-see
yet
don’t you
Imagine an English friend is coming to visit your town! Where would you recommend? Fill the gaps with recommendations and ideas from your own town/city.
- Make sure you go to _______________.
- Have you been to _______________ yet?
- You really should visit _______________.
- _______________ is an absolute must-see of course!
- _______________ is definitely worth visiting.
- I’d _______________ if I were you
- Why don’t you _______________? That way _______________
https://www.theenglishenglishteacher.com/how-to-recommend-a-place-in-english/
1. Mr. Brown bought a new Ferrari last week. He’s got ...........
2. We were both laid off, so it looks like we’ll have to .......... until we find work.
3. We needed some cash so we withdrew some from the ........... .
4. I don't think you can ......... Tom coming tonight. He's really unreliable.
5. When delivering must have the ........... 's signature.
6. I don't have enough money to go on holiday. I'm afraid it would .......... .
7. The man ........... and shot twelve of his colleagues.
8. It's the first time I had ever ........... my account. I think I've spent too much.
9. Even though it is now called ........... , regular mail is anything but slow.
10. The Prime Minister said the government would continue to pay .......... on its debt.
Dengue fever cases have been cut by 77% in a "groundbreaking" trial that manipulates the mosquitoes that spread it, say scientists.
They used mosquitoes infected with "miraculous" bacteria that reduce the insect's ability to spread dengue.
The trial took place in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia, and is being expanded in the hope of eradicating the virus.
The World Mosquito Programme team says it could be a solution to a virus that has gone around the world.
Few people had heard of dengue 50 years ago, but it has been a relentless slow-burning pandemic and cases have increased dramatically.
In 1970, only nine countries had faced severe dengue outbreaks, now there are up to 400 million infections a year.
Dengue is commonly known as "break-bone fever" because it causes severe pain in muscles and bones and explosive outbreaks can overwhelm hospitals.
The trial used mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria. One of the researchers, Dr Katie Anders, describes them as "naturally miraculous".
Wolbachia doesn't harm the mosquito, but it camps out in the same parts of its body that the dengue virus needs to get into.
The bacteria compete for resources and make it much harder for dengue virus to replicate, so the mosquito is less likely to cause an infection when it bites again.
The trial used five million mosquito eggs infected with Wolbachia. Eggs were placed in buckets of water in the city every two weeks and the process of building up an infected population of mosquitoes took nine months.
Yogyakarta was split into 24 zones and the mosquitoes were released only in half of them.
The results, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, showed a 77% reduction in cases and an 86% reduction in people needing hospital care when the insects were released.
"It's very exciting, it's better than we could have hoped for to be honest," Dr Anders told the BBC.
The technique has been so successful the mosquitoes have been released across the whole city and the project is moving to surrounding areas with the aim of eradicating dengue in the region.
Dr Anders, who is also the director of impact assessment at the World Mosquito Programme, said: "This result is groundbreaking.
"We think it can have an even greater impact when it is deployed at scale in large cities around the world, where dengue is a huge public health problem."
Wolbachia are also spectacularly manipulative and can alter the fertility of their hosts to ensure they are passed on to the next generation of mosquitoes.
It means once Wolbachia has been established, it should stick around for a long time and continue to protect against dengue infection.
This is in sharp contrast to other control methods - such as insecticides or releasing large numbers of sterile male mosquitoes - that need to be kept up in order to suppress the blood-suckers.
Dr Yudiria Amelia, the head of disease prevention in Yogyakarta City, said: "We are delighted with the outcome of this trial.
"We hope this method can be implemented in all areas of Yogyakarta and further expanded in all cities in Indonesia."
The trial is a significant landmark after years of research as the species of mosquito that spreads dengue - Aedes aegypti - is not normally infected with Wolbachia.
Disease modelling studies have also predicted Wolbachia could be enough to completely suppress dengue fever if it can be established.
David Hamer, a professor of global health and medicine at Boston University, said the method had "exciting potential" for other diseases such as Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya; which are also spread by mosquito bites.
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-57417219
1. How did the bacteria affect the mosquitoes?
2. What’s the aim of the trial?
3. Did many people know about the virus in 1970?
4. What are the major symptoms of dengue?
5. How long did it take to raise an infected generation of mosquitoes?
6. How did the trial affect the number of hospitalized people?
7. Who is Dr Anders?
8. Does Wolbachia have an impact on the next generation of mosquitoes?
9. Is Dr Yudiria Amelia satisfied with the results?
10. Will the method be used with other diseases?
It's celestial showtime on Thursday as much of the Northern Hemisphere gets to witness a solar eclipse.
This particular event is what's termed an annular eclipse. It will see the Moon move across the face of our star ………. (1) Instead, there will be just a thin sliver of brilliance left to shine around the Sun's disc.
The best of the action will be in the Arctic.
Yes, not many people live there, but a good portion of the globe will still get treated to a partial eclipse ………. (2)
This will include the eastern United States and northern Alaska, along with much of Canada, Greenland, and parts of Europe and Asia.
In the UK, the most favourable place to watch, in terms of the percentage of the Sun's disc that gets covered up, will be in Scotland - somewhere like Lerwick in the Shetland Islands (11:27 BST), or Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis (11:18 BST)
These places will see about 40% of the Sun eclipsed.
But even down south, in London (11:13 BST) for example, 20% of the star will be covered over.
As ever,……… (3). This can do severe damage.
Anyone gazing skyward should only do so with ………. (4), such as approved eclipse glasses or a pinhole projector.
Better still, attend an organised event. Local astronomy clubs will be out in force to show ………. (5).
There's some good advice here from BBC Sky At Night magazine and the Royal Astronomical Society.
The so called "path of annularity" - the track across the Earth's surface where the Moon sits entirely within the Sun's disc to give the greatest spectacle - begins at sunrise in Ontario, Canada, at 09:49 GMT (10:49 BST).
It then sweeps ………. (6), including over the North Pole, to eventually reach Russia's Far East and lift off the planet at sunset at 11:33 GMT (12:33 BST).
The place which enjoys the greatest duration eclipse - at almost four minutes in length - is in the middle of the Nares Strait, the narrow channel ………. (7).
There'll be few there, however, to see 90% of the Sun's disc being blocked out. Perhaps only the odd walrus or two on an ice floe.
For all other locations, there are plenty of calculators out there where you can input your nearest city or town to get more relevant timings, such as here.
Not every eclipse can be total. The Moon's orbit around the Earth is not perfectly round; the satellite's distance from the planet varies from ………. (8).
This difference makes the Moon's apparent size in the sky fluctuate by about 13%.
If the Moon happens to eclipse the Sun on the near side of its orbit, it totally blocks out the star (a total eclipse). But if the Moon eclipses the Sun on the far side of its orbit, as now, the satellite will not completely obscure the star's disc - and a "ring of fire" or annulus of sunlight is seen.
But no less wonderful.
"An eclipse gives us ………. (9)," said Prof Lucie Green from the UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory.
"Normally, our star is so dazzlingly bright we kind of don't pay it much attention. But during an eclipse of one form or another, we're able - if we look safely - to watch the ………. (10) and remind ourselves of this clockwork Solar System we live in," she told BBC News.
----------------------------------------
A ………. the aid of protective viewing equipment
B ………. that divides the Canadian archipelago from Greenland
C ………. people how to view the eclipse safely
D ……… where the Moon appears to take a big bite out of the Sun
E ……… about 356,500km to 406,700km (221,500 to 252,700 miles)
F ……… Moon glide in front of the Sun
G ………. but not completely block out the light coming from it
H ………. an opportunity to connect with the Sun
I ………. across the top of the globe
J ……… the advice is not to try to look at the Sun with the naked eye
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57420056
already, another, consist, courses, go, on, stew, that, use, well-known
To fulfil the living-abroad experience you must give it a ………. (1) and try the very delicious and diverse Hungarian cuisine.
Hungarian cooking is actually quite difficult to define. It tends to ………. (2) paprika, black pepper, several different spices and often onion. Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based ………. (3) meats, seasonal vegetables, fresh bread, dairy products, cheeses and fruits.
( Words to use: already, another, consist, courses, go, on, stew, that, use, well-known )
In Hungary, a typical breakfast may ……….. (4) of fresh bread, cold sausage type minced meat products (such as kolbász or szalámi), some vegetables or jam. Lunch is the main meal of the day, usually consisting of three ………. (5): soup is followed by a main dish and a dessert.
( Words to use: already, another, consist, courses, go, on, stew, that, use, well-known )
We are quite sure that you have ………. (6) heard of the famous Hungarian gulyás soup. The soup was accredited as a hungaricum in 2017 although it has been …….. (7) for a long time by many international people coming to the country. It is made from vegetables and beef but also can be made in a vegetarian version. ………. (8) typical national food is fisherman's soup called “halászlé”, a soup of paprika-spiced broth and thick cuts of river fish. Since Hungary has the river Tisza, the river Danube and several lakes, it is easy to get fresh, tasty fish. For hot summer days, light fruit soups are also great.
We couldn’t make this list without mentioning “lángos” which is a platesized sheet of fried dough ………. (9) is usually smothered with sour cream and cheese, the popular stuffed cabbage called “töltött káposzta”, which is large leaves of cabbage, stuffed with meat and rice, cooked and then smothered with sour cream (yes, we love sour cream) or the well-known “lecsó”, the paprika vegetable ……… (10) of onions, tomatoes and peppers with variations including sausage and egg.
( Words to use: already, another, consist, courses, go, on, stew, that, use, well-known )
http://studyinhungary.hu/living-in-hungary/menu/hungarian-cuisine.html
Jumbled text
Put the parts of the following job application letter in the correct order:
A: Prior to this I worked for MegaSales Inc as regional manager (Asia Pacfic) for three years from 2001 - 2004.
B: My work has included setting up branches in Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
C: I was responsible for single-handedly setting up the company's operations in the region and overseeing every aspect of activity from locating and purchasing suitable real estate to making tea and performing occasional cleaning duties when Doris, the cleaner, was sick or on holiday.
D: I have been working as a senior sales manager for SuperPap (UK) Ltd for three years.
E :I am currently responsible for all aspects of the company's business.
F: Over the period of my employment, I have increased sales by over 400 per cent and expanded the company's area of operations to include Asia, Africa, South America, and indeed, most of the world.
G: I believe my work gave me a firm grasp of the issues facing companies in the region and a sound understanding of the day-to-day running of a large organization.
H: I have also instituted new order processing procedures that have led to a 3000 per cent improvement in efficiency with the result that the company's annual expenditures are currently zero.
https://www.eltbase.com/worksheet-383-written-contexts-application-letter
